Butterfly Charm with Heart in 925 Silver and Zircons

Butterflies are probably the most beautiful insects thanks to the infinite variety of designs and colors that characterize their wings, the most striking part of their body. Flight is their "habitual" way of getting around: some have a fast, snappy flight, others are slow and heavy. The legs are little used for locomotion and essentially serve to cling to the substrate when they rest or to feed.

The buccal apparatus consists of a sort of proboscis (spirotromba) with which they suck the liquid substances that make up their food. When not in use, the proboscis is coiled under the head; in many species it reaches a considerable development, such as to allow the exploration of the deeper corollas.

By landing on the flowers, butterflies play a very important role in pollination; they prefer to settle on flowers or among the vegetables on which the caterpillars feed, but they can also be observed on the trunks and branches of trees, among the stones, in farmyards and in the courtyards of houses.

We commonly speak of diurnal butterflies and moths as many species are active in the central hours of the day, others have crepuscular habits, some move only in the morning, others prefer total darkness. From a scientific point of view, however, this division is not very precise; in fact there are "nocturnal" species that fly even during the day (such as the Zigene) and "diurnal" species that also move at night. A difference between "diurnal" and "nocturnal" species is given by the way in which they hold their wings when resting: the "diurnal" butterflies fold them against each other perpendicularly to the body, the "nocturnal" have them as a roof along the abdomen.

They lay eggs from which larvae, commonly called caterpillars, are born. These are equipped with powerful jaws with which they feed on the plants on which they live. Some gnaw the whole leaf, others make holes in it. Some caterpillars live in wood where they dig long tunnels. After a certain period of time (which varies from species to species), the caterpillars transform into a chrysalis and then (always after a time which varies from species to species) into a real butterfly. About 140,000 species of butterflies are known in the world: the most colorful and also the largest (the largest wingspan reaches 32 cm) live in tropical and subtropical countries. In Europe there are 6000 species of butterflies, of which only 380 are classified as "diurnal". The biggest butterfly of our continent is the Saturnia pyri ( Saturnia del pero or Pavonia major ) , a nocturnal butterfly which can reach a 14 cm wingspan.

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